About

Bobby Sanabria is a 7-time Grammy-nominee as a leader. He is a noted drummer, percussionist, composer, arranger, conductor, producer, educator, documentary film maker, and bandleader of Puerto Rican descent born and raised in NY’s South Bronx. He was the drummer for the acknowledged creator of Afro-Cuban jazz, Mario Bauzá touring and recording three CD’s with him, two of which were Grammy nominated, as well as an incredible variety of artists. From Dizzy Gillespie, Tito Puente, Mongo Santamaria (with whom he started his career) Paquito D’Rivera, Yomo Toro, Candido, The Mills Brothers, Ray Barretto, Chico O’Farrill, Francisco Aguabella, Henry Threadgill, Luis “Perico” Ortiz, Daniel Ponce, Larry Harlow, Daniel Santos, Celia Cruz, Adalberto Santiago, Xiomara Portuondo, Pedrito Martinez, Roswell Rudd, Patato, David Amram, the Cleveland Jazz Orchestra, Michael Gibbs, Charles McPherson Jon Faddis, Bob Mintzer, Phil Wilson, Randy Brecker, Charles Tolliver, M’BOOM, Michelle Shocked, Marco Rizo, and many more. In addition he has guest conducted and performed as a soloist with numerous orchestras like the WDR Big Band, The Airmen of Note, The U.S. Jazz Ambassadors, Eau Claire University Big, The University of Calgary Big Band to name just a few.

His first big band recording, Live & in Clave!!! was nominated for a Grammy in 2001. A Grammy nomination followed in 2003 for 50 Years of Mambo: A Tribute to Perez Prado. His 2008 Grammy nominated Big Band Urban Folktales was the first Latin jazz recording to ever reach #1 on the national Jazz Week charts. In 2009 the Afro-Cuban Jazz Orchestra he directs at the Manhattan School of Music was nominated for a Latin Grammy for Kenya Revisited Live!!!, a reworking of the music from Machito’s greatest album, Kenya. In 2011 the recording Tito Puente Masterworks Live!!! by the same orchestra under Bobby’s direction was nominated for a Latin Jazz Grammy. Partial proceeds from the sale of both CD’s continue to support the scholarship program in the Manhattan School of Music’s jazz program. Bobby’s 2012 big band recording, inspired by the writings of Mexican author Octavio Paz, entitled MULTIVERSE was nominated for 2 Grammys. His work as an activist led him to fight to reinstate the Latin Jazz category after NARAS decided to eliminate many ethnic and regional categories in 2010. He and three other colleagues actually sued the Grammys which led to the reinstatement of the category. He is an associate producer of and featured interviewee in the documentaries, The Palladium: Where Mambo Was King, winner of the IMAGINE award for Best TV documentary of 2003, and the Alma Award winning From Mambo to Hip Hop: A South Bronx Tale where he also composed the score in 2006 and was broadcast on PBS. In 2009 he was a consultant and featured on screen personality in Latin Music U.S.A. also broadcast on PBS. In 2017 he was also a consultant and featured on air personality for the documentary We Like It Like That: The Story of Latin Boogaloo. He is the composer for the score of the 2017 documentary Some Girls. DRUM! Magazine named him Percussionist of the Year in 2005; he was also named 2011 and 2013 Percussionist of the Year by the Jazz Journalists Association. This South Bronx native of Puerto Rican parents was a 2006 inductee into the Bronx Walk of Fame. He holds a BM from the Berklee College of Music and is on the faculty of the New School University and the Manhattan School of Music where he has taught Afro-Cuban Jazz Orchestras passing on the tradition while moving it forward. His recording with the Manhattan School of Music Afro-Cuban Jazz Orchestra entitled “Que Viva Harlem!” released in 2014 on the Jazzheads label has received ****1/2 stars in Downbeat magazine.

Mr. Sanabria has conducted hundreds of clinics in the states and worldwide under the auspices of TAMA Drums, Sabian Cymbals, Remo Drumheads, Vic Firth Sticks and Latin Percussion Inc. His background having performed and recorded as both a drummer and/or percussionist with every major figure in the history of Latin jazz, as well as his encyclopedic knowledge of both jazz and Latin music history, makes him unique in his field. His critically acclaimed video instructional series, Conga Basics Volumes 1, 2 and 3, have been the highest selling videos in the history of video instruction and have set a standard worldwide. He is the Co-Artistic Director of the Bronx Music Heritage Center and is part of Jazz at Lincoln Center’s Jazz Academy as well as The Weill Music Institute at Carnegie Hall. His latest recording released in July 2018 is a monumental Latin jazz reworking of the entire score of West Side Story entitled, West Side Story Reimagined, on the Jazzheads label in celebration of the shows recent 60th anniversary (2017) and its composer, Maestro Leonard Bernstein’s centennial (2018). Partial proceeds from the sale of this historic double CD set go the Jazz Foundation of America’s Puerto Relief Fund to aid Bobby’s ancestral homeland after the devastation form hurricanes Irma and Maria.

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#!/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/bin/perl

#                                      Copyright 2025 WebPros International, LLC
#                                                           All rights reserved.
# copyright@cpanel.net                                         http://cpanel.net
# This code is subject to the cPanel license. Unauthorized copying is prohibited.

use strict;
use warnings;

use Cpanel::TempFile           ();
use Cpanel::SafeFile           ();
use Cpanel::Filesys::FindParse ();
use Cpanel::DiskLib            ();
use Getopt::Long;
use Cpanel::Logger             ();
use Cpanel::SafeRun::Errors    ();
use Cpanel::SafeRun::Simple    ();
use Cpanel::Filesys::Mounts    ();
use Cpanel::Config::LoadCpConf ();

my $logger = Cpanel::Logger->new();

$| = 1;    ## no critic qw(RequireLocalizedPunctuationVars)

my $has_loop_device = 0;

my $install   = 0;    # Add securetmp to system startup
my $uninstall = 0;    # Remove from system startup
my $auto      = 0;    # Secure /tmp and /var/tmp
my $daemonize = 1;
my $help      = 0;

# Get command line options
GetOptions( 'auto' => \$auto, 'install' => \$install, 'uninstall' => \$uninstall, 'daemonize!' => \$daemonize, 'help' => \$help );

if ($help) {
    print <<"MANUAL";
$0 - secure /tmp and /var/tmp

Options:
- auto: skip interactive customization questions
- install: install & enable securetmp service
- uninstall: disable & uninstal securetmp service
- daemonize: run securetmp in background ( default true )

Sample usages:
# run in interactive mode
> $0

# disable interactive mode, run in background
> $0 --auto

# disable interactive mode, do not run in background
> $0 --auto --nodaemonize
MANUAL
    exit;
}

if ( -e '/var/cpanel/version/securetmp_disabled' ) {
    print "[securetmp] Disabled per /var/cpanel/version/securetmp_disabled\n";
    exit;
}
elsif ( -e '/var/cpanel/disabled/securetmp' ) {
    print "[securetmp] Disabled per /var/cpanel/disabled/securetmp\n";
    exit;
}
elsif ( -e '/var/cpanel/dev_sandbox' ) {
    print "[securetmp] Disabled on development sandboxes\n";
    exit;
}

# do check for loopback module for Linux based VPS
my @modules = Cpanel::SafeRun::Errors::saferunallerrors('lsmod');
$has_loop_device = check_loop_device();

if ( !grep /loop/, @modules ) {
    print "*** Notice *** No loop module detected\n";    # could be built into kernel, so don't bail out yet
    print "If the loopback block device is built as a module, try running `modprobe loop` as root via ssh and running this script again.\n";
    print "If the loopback block device is built into the kernel itself, you can ignore this message.\n";
}
if ( !$has_loop_device ) {
    print "*** Notice *** No working loopback device files found. Try running `modprobe loop` as root via ssh and running this script again.\n";
    exit(0);
}

# Start interactive setup
if ( !$auto && !$install && !$uninstall && -t STDIN ) {
    print 'Would you like to secure /tmp & /var/tmp at boot time? (y/n) ';
    my $answer;
    chomp( $answer = <STDIN> );
    if ( $answer =~ m/^y/i ) {
        $install = 1;
    }
    else {
        print "securetmp will not be added to system startup at this time.\n";
    }
    undef $answer;

    if ( !$install ) {
        print 'Would you like to disable securetmp from the system startup? (y/n) ';
        chomp( $answer = <STDIN> );
        if ( $answer =~ m/^y/i ) {
            $uninstall = 1;
        }
        else {
            print "securetmp will not be removed from system startup.\n";
        }
        undef $answer;
    }

    print 'Would you like to secure /tmp & /var/tmp now? (y/n) ';
    chomp( $answer = <STDIN> );
    if ( $answer =~ m/^y/i ) {
        $auto = 1;
    }
    else {
        print "/tmp & /var/tmp will not be secured at this time.\n";
    }

    exit if ( !$install && !$auto && !$uninstall );
}
elsif ( !$auto && !$install && !$uninstall ) {
    exit 1;
}

## ADD/REMOVE from startup
#-----------------------------------------------------------------

if ( !-x '/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/cpservice' ) {
    $logger->warn("cpservice is not available. Please check its status.");
}
else {

    # Remove securetmp from system startup
    if ($uninstall) {
        Cpanel::SafeRun::Simple::saferun( '/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/cpservice', 'securetmp', 'stop' );
        Cpanel::SafeRun::Simple::saferun( '/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/cpservice', 'securetmp', 'disable', '2345' );
        Cpanel::SafeRun::Simple::saferun( '/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/cpservice', 'securetmp', 'uninstall' );
    }

    # Add securetmp to system startup
    if ($install) {
        Cpanel::SafeRun::Simple::saferun( '/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/cpservice', 'securetmp', 'install' );
        Cpanel::SafeRun::Simple::saferun( '/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/cpservice', 'securetmp', 'enable', '35' );

        # Do not start securetmp here or it will be run again
    }

}

#-----------------------------------------------------------------

# Fork and secure if not called from console
if ( $auto && !-t STDIN && $daemonize ) {
    $SIG{'CHLD'} = \&reaper;
    print "Setting up /tmp & /var/tmp in the background\n";
    exit if fork;
}
elsif ( !$auto ) {
    exit;
}

print "Securing /tmp & /var/tmp\n";

# Secure PATH
$ENV{'PATH'} .= ":/sbin:/usr/sbin";

my $cpconf          = Cpanel::Config::LoadCpConf::loadcpconf();
my $use_custom_size = defined $cpconf->{'securetmp_file_size'};

# Global Variables
my $brokenvartmp = 0;
my @vnodes       = ();
my $vnodeconfig  = '';
my $vnodesrch    = '';
my $vnodenumber  = 0;
my $tmpmnt       = '';
my $vartmpmnt    = '';
my $tmpopts      = '';
my $vartmpopts   = '';
my $mountkeyword = '';
my $cpflags      = '';
my $min_size     = 512 * 1024;                                                               # 512MB
my $tmpdsksize   = $use_custom_size ? $cpconf->{'securetmp_file_size'} * 1024 : $min_size;

$mountkeyword = 'remount';
$cpflags      = '-af';

if ( open my $mounts_fh, '<', '/proc/mounts' ) {
    while ( my $line = readline $mounts_fh ) {

        # must detect: /dev/sda1 /var/tmp\040(deleted) ext2 rw,nosuid,noexec,usrquota 0 0
        if ( $line =~ m/^(\S+)\s+([^\s\\\(]+)\S*\s+\S+\s+(\S+)/ ) {
            if ( $2 eq '/tmp' ) {
                $tmpmnt  = $1;
                $tmpopts = $3;
            }
            elsif ( $2 eq '/var/tmp' ) {
                $vartmpmnt  = $1;
                $vartmpopts = $3;
            }
            if ( $1 =~ /^\/dev\/vn.*/ ) {
                push @vnodes, $1;
            }
        }

        if ( $line =~ m/\S+\s+\(deleted\)[^\/]*\/var\/tmp\s+/ ) {
            $brokenvartmp = 1;
            $vartmpmnt    = '';
            $vartmpopts   = '';
        }
    }
    close $mounts_fh;
}
else {
    die "Unable to read /proc/mounts: $!";
}

# Begin securetmp actions

print "Calculating size on /tmp\n";
my $partition_map = {};
my $filesys       = Cpanel::DiskLib::get_disk_used_percentage_with_dupedevs();
foreach my $disk ( @{$filesys} ) {
    $partition_map->{ $disk->{'mount'} } = $disk->{'available'};
}
my $mount_point = Cpanel::Filesys::FindParse::find_mount( $filesys, '/usr/tmpDSK' );

my $available = $partition_map->{$mount_point};

if ($use_custom_size) {
    if ( $tmpdsksize < $min_size ) {
        $tmpdsksize = $min_size;
    }
    my $max_allowed = int( $available * 0.9 );
    if ( $tmpdsksize > $max_allowed ) {
        $tmpdsksize = $max_allowed;
    }
}
else {
    my $five_percent_of_available = ( $available * 0.05 );
    if ( $five_percent_of_available > $tmpdsksize ) {
        $tmpdsksize = $five_percent_of_available;
    }
    my $FOUR_GIG_k = ( 1024 * 1024 * 4 );
    if ( $tmpdsksize > $FOUR_GIG_k ) {
        $tmpdsksize = $FOUR_GIG_k;
    }
}

$tmpdsksize = int($tmpdsksize);
$tmpdsksize = $tmpdsksize - ( $tmpdsksize % 1024 );

my $tmpdsksize_megs = ( $tmpdsksize / 1024 );
print "/tmp calculated to be $tmpdsksize_megs M based on available disk space in /usr\n";

# Check loop dev on Linux
if ( !$has_loop_device ) {
    print "The system does not support loop devices.\n";
    if ($brokenvartmp) {
        print 'Unmounting orphaned /var/tmp ...';
        system 'umount', '/var/tmp';
        print "Done\n";
    }
    exit;
}

if ( -d '/usr/tmpDSK' ) {
    rename( '/usr/tmpDSK', '/usr/tmpDSK.move_away.' . $$ . '.' . time() );
}

if ( !-e '/usr/tmpDSK' ) {
    print "No separate partition for tmp!\n";
    createtmpdisk('/usr/tmpDSK');
}
elsif ( -d '/usr/tmpDSK' ) {
    die "/usr/tmpDSK exists as a directory. Please remove and rerun /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/securetmp.\n";
}

# ensure that /usr/tmpDSK is large enough
# or is the proper size if the tweak setting has been set
elsif ( ( -s '/usr/tmpDSK' ) < ( $tmpdsksize * 1024 ) || ( $use_custom_size && ( -s '/usr/tmpDSK' ) != ( $tmpdsksize * 1024 ) ) ) {
    print "Your /tmp is the wrong size.   Rebuilding it now.\n";
    if ($tmpmnt) {
        print "Unmounting /tmp ... ";
        system 'umount', '/tmp';
        $tmpmnt = '';
    }
    if ($vartmpmnt) {
        print "Unmounting /var/tmp ... ";
        system 'umount', '/var/tmp';
        $vartmpmnt    = '';
        $brokenvartmp = 0;
    }
    system 'rm', '-f', '/usr/tmpDSK';
    createtmpdisk('/usr/tmpDSK');
}
else {
    print "Everything looks good with your /tmp.  Its the right size and ready to go.\n";
}

if ( !$tmpmnt ) {

    print 'Setting up /tmp... ';
    if ( -e '/usr/tmp.secure' ) {
        system 'mv', '-f', '/usr/tmp.secure', '/usr/tmp.secure.cpback';
    }
    mkdir '/usr/tmp.secure';
    archivecopy( '/tmp', '/usr/tmp.secure' );
    system 'rm', '-rf', '/tmp';
    mkdir '/tmp';
    chmod( oct(1777), '/tmp' );
    my $mountresult = mounttmpdsk( '/usr/tmpDSK', '/tmp', $tmpopts );
    archivecopy( '/usr/tmp.secure/tmp/.', '/tmp' );
    chmod( oct(1777), '/tmp' );
    system 'rm', '-rf', '/usr/tmp.secure';

    if ($mountresult) {
        die "There was a problem mounting /tmp: $mountresult";
    }
    print "Done\n";
}
elsif ( $tmpmnt && $tmpopts !~ m/noexec/ ) {
    print 'Securing /tmp... ';
    system 'mount', '-o', $mountkeyword . ',noexec,nosuid', $tmpmnt, '/tmp';
    print "Done\n";
}
else {
    print "/tmp is already secure\n";
}

if ( $brokenvartmp || ( $vartmpmnt && $vartmpopts !~ m/noexec/ ) ) {
    print 'Unmounting insecure /var/tmp... ';
    system 'umount', '/var/tmp';
    $vartmpmnt  = '';
    $vartmpopts = '';
    print "Done\n";
}

if ( !$vartmpmnt ) {
    print 'Setting up /var/tmp... ';

    if ( !-e '/var/tmp' ) {
        mkdir '/var/tmp';
    }
    elsif ( !-d '/var/tmp' ) {
        system 'mv', '/var/tmp', '/var/tmp.cpback';
        mkdir '/var/tmp';
    }

    system 'mount', '-o', 'bind,noexec,nosuid', '/tmp', '/var/tmp';
    print "Done\n";
}
else {
    print "/var/tmp is already secure\n";
}

my $usingTMPDSK = 0;
if ( -e '/usr/tmpDSK' ) {
    my $mount = `mount`;
    if ( $mount =~ m/tmpDSK/ ) {
        $usingTMPDSK = 1;
    }
}

print 'Checking fstab for entries ...';
my $hastmpdsk    = 0;
my $hasvartmpdsk = 0;
my $fslock       = Cpanel::SafeFile::safeopen( \*FSTAB, '+<', '/etc/fstab' );
if ($fslock) {
    while (<FSTAB>) {
        if (/^\s*\/usr\/tmpDSK/)      { $hastmpdsk    = 1; }
        if (/^\s*(\S+)\s*\/var\/tmp/) { $hasvartmpdsk = 1; }
    }

    if ( !$hastmpdsk && $usingTMPDSK ) {
        print "Added fstab entry (/tmp)....";
        print FSTAB "/usr/tmpDSK             /tmp                    ext4    defaults,noauto        0 0\n";
    }
    if ( !$hasvartmpdsk && $vartmpmnt ) {
        print "Added fstab entry (/var/tmp)....";
        print FSTAB "/tmp             /var/tmp                    ext4    defaults,bind,noauto        0 0\n";
    }

    Cpanel::SafeFile::safeclose( \*FSTAB, $fslock );
    print "Done\n";
}
else {
    $logger->die("Could not edit /etc/fstab");
}

my $logrotate = '/etc/cron.daily/logrotate';
if ( -e $logrotate ) {
    my @logrotate_contents;
    my $has_tmpdir = 0;
    if ( open my $logrotate_fh, '<', $logrotate ) {
        while ( my $line = readline $logrotate_fh ) {
            if ( $line =~ m/TMPDIR/ && $line !~ m/^\s*#/ ) {
                $has_tmpdir = 1;
                last;
            }
            push @logrotate_contents, $line;
        }
        close $logrotate_fh;

        if ( !$has_tmpdir ) {
            my $updated_logrotate = 0;
            if ( open my $logrotate_fh, '>', $logrotate ) {
                foreach my $line (@logrotate_contents) {
                    if ( $line =~ m/^#!\/(?:usr|bin)/ ) {
                        print "Adding TMPDIR setting to /etc/cron.daily/logrotate\n";
                        print {$logrotate_fh} $line;
                        print {$logrotate_fh} "export TMPDIR=/var/spool/logrotate/tmp\n";
                        $updated_logrotate = 1;
                    }
                    else {
                        print {$logrotate_fh} $line;
                    }
                }
                close $logrotate_fh;
            }
            if ($updated_logrotate) {
                if ( !-e '/var/spool/logrotate/tmp' ) {
                    system 'mkdir', '-p', '/var/spool/logrotate/tmp';
                }
                if ( !-d '/var/spool/logrotate/tmp' ) {
                    print <<'EOM';
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Logrotate detected and TMPDIR setting updated. The TMPDIR
directory (/var/spool/logrotate/tmp) does not exist!

Logrotate will need to use this directory for execution of
its postrotate scripts. This directory is normally /tmp, but
due to /tmp being set as non-executable an alternative
directory must be specified. Please correct this issue.

See /etc/cron.daily/logrotate to adjust the TMPDIR value for your system.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
EOM
                }
            }
            else {
                warn "Failed to update /etc/cron.daily/logrotate! Logrotate may be corrupt.";
            }
        }
        else {
            print "Logrotate TMPDIR already configured\n";
        }
    }
}

print "Process Complete\n";

Cpanel::Filesys::Mounts::clear_mounts_cache();

exit;

################################################################################
# createtmpdisk
################################################################################
sub createtmpdisk {
    my $path      = shift;
    my $disk_size = shift || $tmpdsksize;

    local $ENV{'LC_ALL'} = 'C';    # Force prompt processing to english

    print "Building ${path}...";
    if ( -e $path ) {
        unlink($path);
    }
    my $disk_size_in_m = int( $disk_size / 1024 ) || 1;
    my $bytes          = 1024 * 1024 * $disk_size_in_m;
    open( my $fh, '>', $path ) or die "Failed to open “$path”: $!";
    truncate( $fh, $bytes ) or do {
        die "truncate($path, $bytes): $!";
    };
    close($fh);

    open( my $mkfs, "|-" ) || exec( "/sbin/mkfs", $path );
    print {$mkfs} "yes\r\n";
    close($mkfs);
    if ( -e "/sbin/tune2fs" ) {
        system( "/sbin/tune2fs", "-j", $path );
    }

    chmod 0600, $path;
    print "Done\n";
    return;
}

################################################################################
# archivecopy
################################################################################
sub archivecopy {
    my ( $origin, $dest ) = @_;

    my $cpflags = '-af';
    return system( "cp", $cpflags, $origin, $dest );
}

################################################################################
# mounttmpdsk
################################################################################
sub mounttmpdsk {
    my ( $disk_path, $mount_path, $current_mount_opts ) = @_;

    $current_mount_opts //= '';

    # Try to mount ext4 + discard first; if that fails, let the system detect the filesystem.
    if ( $current_mount_opts !~ m/loop/ ) {
        if ( system( 'mount', '-t', 'ext4', '-o', 'loop,noexec,nosuid,rw,discard', $disk_path, $mount_path ) ) {
            system( 'mount', '-o', 'loop,noexec,nosuid,rw', $disk_path, $mount_path );
        }
    }
    return (0);
}

sub test_loopback_device {
    my $loopback_device = shift;

    system( 'umount', '/usr/testDSK' );

    createtmpdisk( '/usr/testDSK', 10240 );

    my $tmpfile         = Cpanel::TempFile->new();
    my $test_mount_path = $tmpfile->dir();

    mounttmpdsk( '/usr/testDSK', $test_mount_path );

    my $loopback_status = Cpanel::SafeRun::Errors::saferunallerrors( 'losetup', $loopback_device );

    system( 'umount', $test_mount_path );
    unlink( '/usr/testDSK', $test_mount_path );

    return $loopback_status =~ m/\Q$loopback_device\E:.*\/usr\/testDSK/i ? 1 : 0;
}

sub check_loop_device {
    my $loopback_device = Cpanel::SafeRun::Errors::saferunallerrors( 'losetup', '-f' );

    chomp $loopback_device;

    return if !$loopback_device || !test_loopback_device($loopback_device);

    return $loopback_device;
}

################################################################################
# reaper
################################################################################
sub reaper {
    my $thedead;
    while ( ( $thedead = waitpid( -1, 1 ) ) > 0 ) {

        # the dead shall do what ?
    }
    $SIG{CHLD} = \&reaper;
}

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